Coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome.

Pope John VIII crowns Charles the Fat, the King of Italy: Emperor

''Translatio imperii'': Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.

Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.

Henry III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.

Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic church.

Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.

Treaty of Toledo signed by King Francis I of France and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

The city of Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace) was founded by Captain Alonso de Mendoza by appointment of the king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.

Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain.

Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire.