23
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June 23 in History
1992
John Gotti sentenced to life in prison.
1991
Moldova declares its independence.
1989
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that a law passed by the U.S. Congress banning all sexually oriented phone message services is unconstitutional.
1988
James E. Hansen testifies to the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources that it is 99% probable that global warming had begun.
1985
A terrorist bomb aboard Air India flight 182 brings the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.
1973
A fire at a house in Hull, England which kills a six year old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.
1972
45 countries leave the Sterling Area allowing their currencies to fluctuate independently of the British Pound.
Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
1969
Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren.
1968
74 are killed and 150 injured in a football stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
1967
Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
1961
Cold War: the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, comes into force after the opening date for signature set for the December 1, 1959.
1959
A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim (Norway) kills 34 people.
Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.
1958
The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers.
1956
Gamal Abdel Nasser is elected president of Egypt.
1947
The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
1946
The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake strikes Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
1943
World War II: The British destroyers {{HMS|Eclipse|H08|6}} and {{HMS|Laforey|G99|6}} sink the Italian submarine ''Ascianghi'' in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser {{HMS|Newfoundland|59|6}}.
1942
World War II: Germany's latest fighter, a Focke-Wulf FW190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.
World War II: the first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place on a train full of Jews from Paris.
1941
The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.
1940
World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
1938
The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
1931
Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane.
1926
The College Board administers the first SAT exam.
1919
Estonian Liberation War: the decisive defeat of German Freikorps (Baltische Landeswehr) forces in the Battle of Cesis (Võnnu lahing). This day is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.
1917
In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire.
1914
Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.
1894
The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
1887
The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
1868
Christopher Latham Sholes receives a patent for the Typewriter.
1865
American Civil War: at Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate, Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
1860
The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
1812
War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
1810
John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
1794
Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
1780
American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).
1760
Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut (1760)|Battle of Landeshut
1758
Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld
1757
Battle of Plassey
1713
The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.
1683
William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
1661
Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza.
1611
The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
1565
Turgut Reis (Dragut), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.
1532
Henry VIII and François I sign a secret treaty against Emperor Charles V.
1314
First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
1305
A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
1180
First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
79
Titus succeeds his father Vespasian as the tenth Roman Emperor.