Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV of Poland who agrees to commit his forces in aiding the Confederation's struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.

The Netherlands declare their independence from Spain.

Paraguay gains independence from Spain.

South American independence leader Simón Bolívar enters Mérida, leading the invasion of Venezuela, and is proclaimed ''El Libertador'' ("The Liberator").

The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.

Luxembourg gains its independence.

Revolution breaks out in Baire, a town near Santiago de Cuba, beginning the second war for Cuban independence, that ends with the Spanish-American War in 1898.

The independence of Bulgaria is proclaimed.

Western Ukraine gains its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

France ratifies a new Constitution of France; the French Fifth Republic is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new constitution on October 4. Guinea rejects the new constitution, voting for independence instead.

The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is then formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.

Independence of Somalia.

The Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic declares independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union. Until 1996 the day is celebrated as the Independence Day of Belarus; after a referendum held that year the celebration of independence is moved to June 3.

Independence of The Republic of Kazakhstan.