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1917
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10.26.1917
World War I: Battle of Caporetto; Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat at the forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany. The young unknown Oberleutnant Erwin Rommel captures Mount Matajur with only 100 Germans against a force of over 7000 Italians.
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11.20.1917
World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins – British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back.
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1918
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4.24.1918
First tank-to-tank combat, at Villers-Bretonneux, France, when three British Mark IVs met three German A7Vs. |
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7.15.1918
World War I: the Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
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7.20.1918
World War I: German troops cross the Marne. |
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8.8.1918
World War I: the Battle of Amiens begins a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines (Hundred Days Offensive).
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10.26.1918
Erich Ludendorff, quartermaster-general of the Imperial German Army, is dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany for refusing to cooperate in peace negotiations. |
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11.11.1918
World War I: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside Compiègne in France. The war officially ends at 11:00 (The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month) and this is annually honoured with a two-minute silence.
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12.14.1918
Friedrich Karl von Hessen, a German prince elected by the Parliament of Finland to become King Väinö I, renounces the Finnish throne. |
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12.27.1918
The Great Poland Uprising against the Germans begins. |
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1919
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1.15.1919
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, two of the most prominent socialists in Germany, are tortured and murdered by the Freikorps. |
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2.21.1919
Kurt Eisner, German socialist, is assassinated. His death results in the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and parliament and government fleeing Munich, Germany. |
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6.23.1919
Estonian Liberation War: the decisive defeat of German Freikorps (Baltische Landeswehr) forces in the Battle of Cesis (Võnnu lahing). This day is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia. |
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1920
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6.15.1920
A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark. |
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1921
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9.21.1921
A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500-600 people.
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1922
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4.16.1922
The Treaty of Rapallo, pursuant to which Germany and the Soviet Union re-establish diplomatic relations, is signed. |
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1923
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1.11.1923
Occupation of the Ruhr: Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make its World War I reparation payments. |
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1926
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1929
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8.8.1929
The German airship ''Graf Zeppelin'' begins a round-the-world flight. |
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10.30.1929
The Stuttgart Cable Car is constructed in Stuttgart, Germany.
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1930
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3.29.1930
Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler. |
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1932
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1933
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2.27.1933
Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on fire. |
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2.28.1933
'' Gleichschaltung'': The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in Germany a day after the Reichstag fire. |
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3.23.1933
The ''Reichstag'' passes the Enabling act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany. |
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4.1.1933
The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts. |
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5.10.1933
Censorship: In Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings.
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7.20.1933
Germany: Two-hundred Jewish merchants are arrested in Nuremberg and paraded through the streets. |
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1934
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6.30.1934
The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place. |
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8.3.1934
Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into ''Führer''.
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1935
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1.13.1935
A plebiscite in Saarland shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Nazi Germany. |
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