Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.

The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.

Censorship: In Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings.

Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form Nasjonal Samling — the national-socialist party of Norway.

A plebiscite in Saarland shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Nazi Germany.

The Nazi exhibition ''Der ewige Jude'' ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.

Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees her country to Great Britain after the Nazi invasion. Princess Juliana takes her children to Canada for their safety.

Nazi Germans massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.

Holocaust: under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."

World War II: in retaliation for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, Nazis in Czechoslovakia kill over 1,800 people.

World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.

World War II: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.

The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.

World War II: Members of White Rose are executed in Nazi Germany.

Rebellion in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka.

World War II: in Denmark, a general strike against the Nazi occupation is started.

World War II: Nazi forces occupy Hungary.

Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland.

World War II King Michael of Romania dismisses the pro-Nazi government of General Antonescu, who is arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies.

Slovak National Uprising takes place as 60,000 Slovak troops turn against the Nazis.

World War II: The liberation of Serbia from Nazi Germany and the Chetniks continues. Bajina Bašta in western Serbia is among those liberated cities. Near Trier, American troops enter Germany for the first time.

World War II: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.

The Nazis begin the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp as Soviet forces close in.

World War II: Soviet forces liberate the Łódź ghetto. Out more than 200,000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived the Nazi occupation.

World War II: Canadian and UK troops liberate the Netherlands and Denmark from Nazi occupation when Wehrmacht troops capitulate

Nuremberg Trials: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals start at the Palace of Justice at Nuremberg.

Nazi leaders are sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.

In Buenos Aires, Argentina, four Israeli Mossad agents capture fugitive Nazi Adolf Eichmann who is living under the alias of Ricardo Klement.

The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Israel ends with verdicts of guilty on 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization.

The trial of John Demjanjuk, accused of being a Nazi guard dubbed "Ivan the Terrible" in Treblinka extermination camp, starts in Jerusalem.

The Israeli Supreme Court acquits alleged Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.