A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.

The Orlov Revolt, an attempt to revolt against the Ottoman Empire before the Greek War of Independence, ends in disaster for the Greeks.

Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

(Julian Calendar) Greece revolts against the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

Tripolitsa, Greece, falls and 30,000 Turks are massacred.

The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.

Greek War of Independence: The Turks capture the Greek town of Souli.

The Battle of Kos is fought between Turk and Greek forces.

The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town Messolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.

The three protecting powers (Britain, France and Russia) establish the borders of Greece.

The sovereignty of Greece is confirmed in a London Protocol.

The independence of Greece is recognized by the Treaty of London. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King.

Otto is named the first modern King of Greece.

Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.

Greece declares war on Turkey.

Thessaly is freed and becomes part of Greece again.

The Greco-Turkish War, also called "Thirty Days' War", is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

700 Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.

Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.

Eleftherios Venizelos, leader of the Liberal Party, wins the Greek elections again.

Italy occupies the Greek island of Rhodes.

Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro in the First Balkan War.

First Balkan War: The capital city of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, is unified with Greece on the feast day of its patron Saint Demetrius. On the same day, Serbian troops captured Skopje.

Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long First Balkan War.

First Balkan War: During the Naval Battle of Lemnos, Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it did not venture for the rest of the war.

First Balkan War: The Greek army defeats the Turks at Bizani.

A Greek flotilla defeats the Ottoman Navy in the Naval Battle of Lemnos during the First Balkan War, securing the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea for Greece.

Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria.

Second Balkan War: delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.

Alexander I becomes king of Greece.

King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father Constantine I abdicates under pressure by allied armies occupying Athens.

A Great Fire in Thessaloniki, Greece destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.

Dimitrios Rallis forms a government in Greece.

The Turkish army takes the Aegean city of Afyonkarahisar from the Greeks.

In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.

King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, King George II.

Greece becomes a republic.

The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.

Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).