A devastating earthquake strikes Antioch, Turkey, killing 250,000.

The Battle of Diu takes place near Diu, India, between Portugal and Turkey.

The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta that began on May 18.

French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.

Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniak rebel against Turkey.

Crimean War: Battle of Sinop — The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.

Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.

Greece declares war on Turkey.

Fall of the Ottoman Empire: an unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, takes place.

First use of aircraft in war: An Italian pilot takes off from Libya to observe Turkish army lines during the Turco-Italian War.

Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.

First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against Turkey.

Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long First Balkan War.

Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace.

The national council in Turkey denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.

Turkey makes peace with Armenia.

Turkish forces set fire to Smyrna in Asia Minor.

In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.

The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.

Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.

Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of Kemal Atatürk.

The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.

Turkey adopts the Gregorian Calendar.

Turkey adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).

Turkey Türkiye becomes the first country to celebrate Children's Day as a national holiday.

The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet'', replacing the version of the Arabic alphabet previously used, comes into force in Turkey.

The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.

Erzincan, Turkey was hit by an earthquake.

World War II: Turkey declares war on Germany.

Cold War: in an effort to fight the spread of Communism, U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs an act into law that will later be called the Truman Doctrine. The act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece, each battling an internal Communist movement.

An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 250.

In Turkey, a military coup removes President Celal Bayar and the rest of the democratic government from office.

Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.

Turkish prime minister Suat Hayri Urguplu returns from a visit to Moscow and announces the Soviet Union will provide aid to his country.

A fire at an army barracks in Erzurum, Turkey kills 68 people.

The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey.

Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a "coup d' etat", organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios. NATO's Council praises the United States and the United Kingdom for attempts to settle the dispute. Syria and Egypt put their militaries on alert.