Battle of Bapheus: decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.

Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.

The Ottomans defeat the Serbian army in the bloody Battle of Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan).

Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka ''Ulaszlo I of Hungary'' and ''Wladyslaw III of Poland'') are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.

Second Battle of Kosovo, where the mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II.

Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.

Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire. Although the date of May 29, 1453 is that of the Julian Calendar, the event is commemorated in Istanbul on this day of the present Gregorian calendar.

Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.

Battle of Otranto: Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.

Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.

The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.

Battle of Chaldiran ended with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, Safavids founder.

Turgut Reis (Dragut), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.

Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Turks.

Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Calugareni.

Tarhoncu Ahmet Paşa appointed grand vezir of the Ottoman Empire, served until 21 March 1653.

The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year long Siege of Candia.

Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.

Battle of Mohács: Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottomans.

The ''Kalabalik'' or ''Tumult in Bendery'' results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized.

The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.

The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.

The Treaty of Nissa is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the finish of the Russian-Turkish War, 1736–1739.

The Orlov Revolt, an attempt to revolt against the Ottoman Empire before the Greek War of Independence, ends in disaster for the Greeks.

The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins.

The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.

Battle of Rymnik establishes Alexander Suvorov as a pre-eminent Russian military commander after his allied army defeat superior Ottoman Empire forces.

At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.

Karadjordje leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.

The Second Serbian Uprising - a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.

Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

(Julian Calendar) Greece revolts against the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

The first big battle of the Greek War of Independence against the Turks occurs in Valtetsi.

Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.

The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.

First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.

The Battle of Kos is fought between Turk and Greek forces.

The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.